++天竺鼠的樂園++(知識庫)

【譯者.整理:Francoise】

 
Commonly Prescribed Antibiotics

The following antibiotics are commonly used to treat a variety of problems in guinea pigs. Most antibiotics are prescribed in oral form for the pet owner to administer at home, though several can be administered by subcutaneous or intramuscular routes. Be sure to read Antibiotic Advice -- What You Need To Know About Antibiotics.
    Bactrim (SMZ-TMP; trimethoprim sulfa; Tribrissen; sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim, Septra)
    Baytril (Enrofloxacin)
    Chloramphenicol (Chloramphenicol sodium succinate, Chloramphenicol palmitate)
    Doxycycline (Vibramycin, Vibravet)

天竺鼠常用藥物

下列四種抗生素普遍使用在天竺鼠的各種疾病。雖然有一些是可以經由皮下或肌肉注射，大多數的抗生素都是以口服藥的型態，開給飼主回家給藥。請記得閱讀這篇「抗生素使用需知 – 你該知道的事」

Bactrim - 又名SMZ-TMP、trimethoprim sulfa、Tribrissen、sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim、Septra

Baytril – 又名 Enrofloxacin

Chloramphenicol -又名 Chloramphenicol sodium succinate、Chloramphenicol palmitate

Doxycycline – 又名 Vibramycin, Vibravet

Bactrim -- (trimethoprim sulfa; SMZ-TMP; sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim; Tribrissen, Septra)
Oral Dosage: 30 mg/kg q12h (i.e. 30mg/kg is given every 12 hours, for a total of 60 mg/kg in 24 hours)   Calculate Dose in mg and cc

Bactrim is a commonly used human and veterinary antibiotic and generally comes in a standard suspension. Each 5.0 ml of this pediatric oral suspension (one of the drugs sometimes referred to as "the pink stuff") contains 200mg sulfamethoxazole and 40mg trimethoprim/5ml for a total of 240mg active ingredients/5ml or 48mg/cc. A dose of 0.625 cc would provide 30mg bactrim for a pig of one kilo (2.2 pounds).

It is considered by some to be the drug of choice for urinary tract infections (UTI's). Louise C. notes it is used for urinary tract, ear and lung infections and kills the following: P. carnii, E. coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas cepacia, Pasturella, Clostridia, Proteus, Salmonella, Shigella, Brucella

For more information on bactrim, see www.marvistavet.com. and www.veterinarypartner.com

Bactrim - 又名SMZ-TMP、trimethoprim sulfa、Tribrissen、sulfamethoxazole trimethoprim、Septra

(劑量部分略過)

Bactrim 是一種人醫跟獸醫都很常用的藥物，通常是以一種標準懸浮液狀態出現。每 5cc 這種藥的兒童口服懸浮液 (一種有時被稱為粉紅色東東的藥品) 含有200毫克sulfamethoxazole及40毫克trimethoprim。換算出來每一公斤體重的天豬，劑量是 0.625CC，也就是內含 30毫克的bactrim。

有些人認為這是泌尿道感染的用藥選擇之一。Louise C 指出 bactrim 可以用在泌尿道、耳朵、肺部感染，並用來殺死P. carnii, E. coli, Enterobacter, Klebsiella, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas cepacia, Pasturella, Clostridia, Proteus, Salmonella, Shigella, Brucella

想知道更多有關 bactrim 的知識，請上http://www.marvistavet.com. 與 http://www.veterinarypartner.com查詢

Baytril -- (Enrofloxacin)
Oral Dosage: 2.5-10.0 mg/kg q12h   Calculate Dose in mg
Baytril can be administered by oral, subcutaneous or intramuscular routes.

Baytril is considered one of the "big guns", frequently used to treat guinea pigs with bacterial infections. Read additional information on baytril's use/misuse and efficacy on this thread. Louise C. notes it kills: E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, S. aureus. Baytril can affect the appetite, more likely when given orally. Ideally baytril should only be used on adult pigs as it is believed to interfere with proper growth, particularly in long term treatment. Bactrim (Tribrissen) is a safe alternative for young pigs.

For more information on baytril, see www.marvistavet.com

Baytril – 又名 Enrofloxacin (劑量部分略過)

Baytril 可以口服，經由皮下或肌肉注射

Baytril 被認為是一種影響力相當重要的藥物，常用於治療天豬的細菌感染。關於baytril使用、誤用及療效的延伸閱讀請看 http://www.guinealynx.info/forums/viewtopic.php?t=2111 這個討論串。Louis C. 指出 Baytril 可以殺死 E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. mirabilis, S. aureus. Baytril 會影響食慾，經由口服時更容易有此情形。因為據信Baytril會影響發育，所以最好只使用在成天上，尤其是需要長期治療的時候。相較之下，Bactrim 對幼天來說是較安全的選擇。

想知道更多有關 batril 的知識，請上http://www.marvistavet.com. http://www.marvistavet.com/html/body_enrofloxacin.html

Chloramphenicol -- (Chloramphenicol sodium succinate [Subcutaneous, Intramuscular], Chloramphenicol palmitate [oral])
Oral Dosage: 50 mg/kg q12h   Calculate Dose in mg

Louise C. notes it kills: H. influenzae, S. typhi, Rickettsia, Neisseria, Mycoplasma which cause lung infections.

Chloramphenicol -又名 Chloramphenicol sodium succinate (皮下或肌肉注射)、Chloramphenicol palmitate (口服) (劑量部分略過)

Louise C. 指出 Chloramphenicol 可以殺死引起肺部感染的肺炎鏈球菌、沙門氏桿菌(？)、立克次體、雙球菌、黴漿菌。

Doxycycline -- doxycycline hyclate, doxycycline monohydrate (Vibramycin, Vibravet)
Oral Dosage: 5mg/kg q12h   Calculate Dose in mg

Doxycycline is an advanced analogue of the tetracycline family of antibiotics with broad-spectrum activity against gram+ve and gram-ve bacteria including penicillinase-producers and anaerobes as well as rickettsia, chlamydia and mycoplasma. Activity has been demonstrated against a wide range of bacterial organisms including Staphylococcus spp, Streptococcus spp, E. coli, Pasteurella spp, Haemophilus spp, Clostridia spp, Listeria spp, Bacteroides spp, Bordetella spp, Klebsiella spp and others.
The use of tetracyclines in newborn animals may lead to permanent yellow staining of teeth. Avoid using doxycycline in pregnant animals in the last 3 weeks of pregnancy and in newborn animals in the first month of life.

For more information on doxycycline (Vibramycin), see www.marvistavet.com.

Pinta has noted, "The Doxy dose that has worked the best for us is 5mg/kg twice a day. This is the same as the rat dose. We have found the usual dose of 2.5mg/kg just doesn't totally knock out a URI."

Doxycycline – 有doxycycline hyclate, doxycycline monohydrate兩種，又名 Vibramycin, Vibravet (劑量部分略過)

Doxycycline 是四環素家族改良出來的藥物，對於格蘭陽性菌、格蘭陰性菌包括可生產青黴素酶的菌種、厭氧菌如立克次體、批衣菌及黴漿菌，具有廣大的抗菌活力。是對葡萄球菌、鏈球菌、大腸桿菌、巴斯德桿菌、嗜血桿菌、梭狀桿菌 (芽孢梭菌)、李斯特桿菌、類桿菌、博德桿菌、克雷伯氏菌等菌種都有功效的廣效性抗生素。

四環黴素家族的藥可能會在新生動物的牙齒上留下永久的黃色汙漬。母天孕期的最後三週, 以及一個月內的幼天, 不宜使用 doxycycline